While parked, yes. While driving, no. It would be extremely expensive to repave roads to support this.
EDIT: Yes, you could wire roads only when already performing needed repairs. Yes, you could run wires above roads for power. But why? All of these miles we have of infrastructure, it'll be faster to continue to drive down the cost of battery technology to the point where people will say, "Can you believe we even considered wiring roads?".
Within 5-10 years the cost of battery technology should have fallen to where the cost of the battery is marginal. The trick is to get the cost of the cells down, while reducing the need for so much manual labor to assemble the packs from cells. My hope is that Tesla comes up with a way to automate pack assembly or 3D prints the entire pack, cells and all (perhaps not "print", but laser sinter).
We've been working on better batteries for electric cars for a century, and they still are inadequate for most people's needs. I'm not as optimistic that there will be some big breakthrough; the amount of chemical energy in petroleum-based fuels is just SO much greater per unit of mass than any battery technology is capable of storing.
> Within 5-10 years the cost of battery technology should have fallen to where the cost of the battery is marginal.
The problem with batteries isn't so much the cost as their weight. There is a limit to the power density of current battery technology and nothing really in the pipeline to greatly improve on this.
So installing a higher-capacity battery also means having a heavier car, which in turn requires more power to keep it moving.
I'd love to have a gentleman's bet on this :) I bet you a beverage of your choice (I know we're not all craft beer aficionados) that within 10 years, the cost of batteries will have halved, and their capacity will have doubled.
I try to put my money where my mouth is; when Tesla went IPO, I bought several thousand shares of stock. I'm holding for the long term, as I think they're not just going to revolutionize mobility, but also battery technology.
Repaving a road just for this is probably not economical.
But roads need to be repaved regularly anyway and, depending on the used system, my guess would be that the cost for also installing charging equipment would be dwarfed by the overall cost of maintenance. The same applies to newly built roads.
If you could somehow power a car while driving on the freeway, you would essentially solve most range problems of electric cars.