Which ones? Python isn't an exception among languages that people in industry ac...

Sanddancer · on March 25, 2015

C#'s had closures and anonymous functions for almost a decade, Java's got them properly now with Java 8, but you could always hack them with anonymous inner classes. C++ got them in C++11, etc. Hell, even in C, you could hack something resembling a closure with a struct and a function pointer.

nawariata · on March 24, 2015

PHP has closures.

TazeTSchnitzel · on March 25, 2015

Pseudo-closures. They capture variables by value, though you can use PHP's referencing mechanism to have something sort of closure-like.

afjgasdfjlasdf · on March 25, 2015

There is no such thing as an "anonymous closure". There are only anonymous functions which may or may not create a closure. Early LISPs either had no way of creating closures, or did so through some sort of function or other mechanism. It wasn't until Scheme came around that lexical closures really became a thing in Lisp world.

Perl and PHP both have closures. In fact, Perl is closer to Scheme/Lisp than most languages (at least Perl doesn't screw up scoping like JavaScript, replace first-class functions with second-class-bastardizations like Ruby, or do whatever Python thinks it's doing with lambda... ugh)

chubot · on March 25, 2015

    #!/usr/bin/node

    function main() {
      var a = 1;
      console.log(a);
    
      // named closure
      function foo() {
        a = a + 1;
      }
    
      foo();
      console.log(a);
    
      // anonymous closure
      (function() {
        a = a + 1;
      })();
    
      console.log(a);
    }
    main();

kaoD · on March 25, 2015

I'll emphasize GPs words:

> There is no such thing as an "anonymous closure". There are only anonymous functions which may or may not create a closure.

Which is exactly what you did: calling an anonymous function which happens to create a closure over variable `a`.