Actually, everybody who posesses a credit card or paypal account could start tracking a location of any mobile phone with country-level resolution. Any bulk-SMS sending company has a service called HRL Lookup, which is normally used for optimization of SMS-sending costs to users in roaming. Though VLR address (which is the result of HLR Lookup) can be used for user tracking purposes - the first few digits of this address is just a country code of the country which the user is visiting now.