I have to counter some of the comments regarding buses and light rail being empty. This is completely untrue. People are using the light rail and buses in large sums. It has its off peaks but certainly before and after working hours is extremely busy. Most people who say their empty are likely the same folks not using public transportation. I had the same consensus before trying out RTD.
Transit riders see mostly see full busses & trains because they're riding the heavy-ridership routes through dense neighborhoods. People driving in spread-out neighborhoods mostly see empty busses & trains because they see the busses mandated to serve sprawling neighborhoods to serve people who can't drive or to provide service to all of the transit system's tax base, even if those neighborhoods aren't built in such a way anyone would ride transit by choice.
From the paper's abstract:
"Public transport faces an increasingly intense conflict between patronage goals and coverage goals. Broadly speaking, patronage goals seek to maximize patronage of all types, while coverage goals lead to the provision of service despite low patronage – to achieve social inclusion objectives for example."
I live in Grand Junction, Colorado and I visit Denver 4 to 6 times a year for business or pleasure.
I think that this article is missing a huge part of the success of the Denver region. It is not just the RTD but many other factors. The transit efforts are not in isolation.
Denver is a sub-urban city, but they have strongly revitalized their downtown and older districts. Downtown has the 16th Street outdoor shopping mall, all of the stadiums for major sports, convention centers, museums. The amount of new housing units that have been built within walking distance of downtown is huge.
The article briefly mentions some of the projects in LoDo as if they were all part of the RTD, but LoDo had been rejuvenated long before the current rebuilding of the Station.
And there seems to be thought into not just rebuilding the old downtown, but I see this around the Tech Center and Stapleton.