We already took away from China the ability to manufacture the chips required to train AI models in the Chips Act. It's likely that the hyperscalers (Microsoft, AWS, Google) provide the intelligence agencies with reporting on how much AI training is going on given how much time is required to train a model and how expensive it is. Indeed, one could look at the Microsoft investment in OpenAI as the same or similar to their earlier purchase of Skype - directed by the government to curtail an emerging disruptive technology. In the Skype case, the first change that they made was to remove the end-to-end encryption.