The primary limiting factor is emissions for road cars and 2-strokes.

2 strokes have to go oil-sump + direct injection with supercharger to be able to match a 4 stroke when it comes to maintaining thermal efficiency, match power density while meeting emission standards.

All that complexity and the 4 stroke atkinson's cycle looks really attractive again. A huge benefit in of the Atkinson's setup is it can switch back to the Otto seamlesssly and directly drive the car for additional power (i.e Hybrid vehciles)

If you can parse through the noise of Quora posts, this highlights above[0].

Tesla won't use it gasoline for range extension - it's against their religion - which I subscribe to.

[0] https://www.quora.com/Why-arent-2-stroke-engines-used-in-car...

Actually, Mazda is already working on doing that, so it's quite likely.

Why?

It's lighter, so less power is required to move the whole car, so it's fine if it provides less power than a regular diesel.

It is also easier and cheaper to make.

Is durability and maintenance the real issue?

It has the properties of a two stroke engine. I hesitate to call it a two stroke because that isn't strictly true, apparently. However, it has a narrow power band, like a conventional two stroke. This means that it's a poor engine outside its power band; excessive emissions, inefficient, etc. Inside its power band it can be tuned to be clean and efficient.

So using it for constant RPM applications such as a generator can make sense. Using it as the prime mover where a wide power band is needed is a bad choice.