It depends on the collation method used:

https://kendsnyder.com/utf8_bin-vs-utf8_general_ci/

utf8_bin: compare strings by the binary value of each character in the string

utf8_general_ci: compare strings using general language rules and using case-insensitive comparisons

utf8_general_cs: compare strings using general language rules and using case-sensitive comparisons

can be, I think it depends on the implementation.