Yes, but the terminology and implications are different.

You can have a criminal conviction and still vote, for example.

Many US states restore the vote.

http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/felon-v...

"Many" but not nearly all. In Canada prisoners can and do vote.

I'm curious—would there be a way to comparatively analyze Canadian and American election results, to figure out whether prisoners' disenfranchisement has an impact on policy?

State to state comparisons would probably work better.