Having used Elm a little, the aim certainly is completely opposite to that. Moreover, Elm is mostly pure even in its handling of the reactive paradigm. That alone should make it more composable than most other languages. Should, because as far as I know it hasn't been proven just yet.
Closures are trivial: a structure with a function pointer as a first element (i.e., the structure alignment is function pointer-compatible) and the captured environment following it. Pointer to this structure is passed as the first argument.
The only potentially funny bit with the closures is construction of a set of potentially mutually recursive closures - in such case you have to defer filling in the corresponding environment fields until all the closure structures are allocated.
I have never implemented this, so I'm sure this will be incomplete and possibly slightly inaccurate, but that is not quite true. Some of the issues: copying may not be appropriate if your data is mutable (multiple closures can share a value or it might be modified in the 'regular' code after the closure is created), or if the code does identity checks later on.
Also, for performance, it may be beneficial to skip the 'put a local on the stack' part and create a to-be-captured object directly on the heap.
I see somebody posted https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8580501, which points to the Wikipedia entry on 'spaghetti trees', the conceptual view on the needed data structures (which one may recognize from reading SICP, although I do not remember it using the term)
Many implementations, at runtime, will implement the 'main line' of the tree as a 'real stack', but that can be risky, as you will have to make sure that no closures survive the point where any locals they refer to get removed from the stack (what does C++ here? Declare it undefined behaviour or make it impossible?)
It's an inhouse shader language that is compiled to different targets, one of which is llvm another is glsl. In our case you are probably right, but it would have been nice to see a simple example. Of course there's many implementations in other open source languages, but it's much more work to analyse such large code bases.
Germany didn't need a minimum wage because of the strong unions. Now that they lost much power minimum wage is needed.
This is also why there's no big push for minimum wage for instance in Denmark or Sweden, because the unions still work there.
Original author here. Thanks for the spacial data structures link, I'll look into it.
The correlations are done in the frequency domain. And, although I didn't look into it, I suspect they have pretty good algorithms to compute the correlations themselves. At least they have very smart people working on that.
Original author here. They do this already, the pseudo function 'correlate' operates in the frequency domain. It doesn't negate the fact that you still correlate the signals of different stations pairwise.
It was especially funny when Andre Geim won the Nobel prize and the Brits, Dutch and Russians all claimed him. Science and those who practice it know no borders.
Scientific funding, however, does. This is one reason why it is crucial that taxpayers can connect with scientific success. For ESA this is problematic because their success gets distributed, consequently most Europeans might not even know it exists.
It may seem hard to believe, but countries like Germany did operate by the assumption that the Americans at least have good intentions. Everybody knows that the US can and will push their agenda when they think it is important, but often nobody sees real harm in cooperating either.
That is also why the spying on Merkel is extremely harmful to American-German relations. It changes the view of the public at large on the US.
Actually, that is the oddest part of the story, to my mind.
Is it really true that Merkel, or any other major political figure in any major country, believed that they weren't being watched by essentially every other country, allied or not?
I can see that the public at large does not understand that, but the only reason I can find for the issue to come up is Merkel using that lack of understanding to manipulate German public opinions.
If the shoe were on the other foot, and it came out that German intelligence were listening to Mr. Obama's phone calls, I would at worst chuckle and at best be impressed if they came up with a new way of doing it. And I'd view any outrage from U.S. government circles as the cynical attempt at manipulation that it would be.